DBMS > LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. RDF4J vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. RDF4J vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.32
Rank	#112	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

rethinkdb.com/docs

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2011

1984

2004

2009

2010

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.9.10.12, February 2024

2.4.1, August 2020

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

Java
PHP
Python

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

range based

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Atomic single-document operations

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

users and table-level permissions

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

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