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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Linter vs. SpatiaLite vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Linter vs. SpatiaLite vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLinter  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesRDBMS for high security requirementsSpatial extension of SQLiteVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.09
Rank#346  Overall
#152  Relational DBMS
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldblinter.ruwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGooglerelex.ruAlessandro FurieriOpenLink Software
Initial release2011199020081998
Current release1.23, February 20215.0.0, August 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++C++C
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Android
BSD
HP Open VMS
iOS
Linux
OS X
VxWorks
Windows
server-lessAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
LINQ
ODBC
OLE DB
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Qt
Ruby
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoproprietary syntax with the possibility to convert from PL/SQLnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
LevelDBLinterSpatiaLiteVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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LevelDBLinterSpatiaLiteVirtuoso
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