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DBMS > LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. searchxml vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonsearchxml  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresDBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application serverVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSNative XML DBMS
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Native XML DBMS
#25  Search engines
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.searchxml.net/­category/­productsvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.lmdb.tech/­docwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationwww.searchxml.net/­support/­handoutsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleSymasinformationpartners gmbhOpenLink Software
Initial release201120112014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB20151998
Current release1.23, February 20210.9.32, January 202410 R1, October 20181.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CCC++C
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
WindowsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyesyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infodistributed, parallel query executionnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++ infomost other programming languages supported via APIs.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsyes infoon the application serveryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonehorizontal partitioningnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes infosychronisation to multiple collectionsChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoMVCCmultiple readers, single writerACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDomain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application servicesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
LevelDBLMDBPostgres-XLsearchxmlVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
LevelDBLMDBPostgres-XLsearchxmlVirtuoso
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