DBMS > Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Fully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUs

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used in-process key-value store

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

RDF store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.42
Rank	#261	Overall
	#120	Relational DBMS

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	1.88
Rank	#130	Overall
	#23	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.72
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.kinetica.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.kinetica.com

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Kinetica

Microsoft

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2019

1994

2004

Current release

7.1, August 2021

cloud service with continuous releases

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

Triggers

yes

triggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified range

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

GPU vRAM or System RAM

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles on table level

Azure Active Directory Authentication

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