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DBMS > Kdb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TerarkDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameKdb  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance Time Series DBMSWidely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitekx.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationcode.kx.comdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmlbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKcdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software FoundationByteDance, originally TerarkOpenLink Software
Initial release2000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20031994201420161998
Current release3.6, May 201818.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageqC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)ScalaC++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnonoyes
Secondary indexesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (q)yes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnononoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes infowith viewsyes infoonly for the SQL APInonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningnoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replicationnonenoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsnononoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
KdbOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQLTerarkDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Performance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Used for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Largest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
KdbOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQLTerarkDBVirtuoso
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