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DBMS > Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. SiteWhere

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSiteWhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionHigh performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLM2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series data
Primary database modelTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.06
Rank#383  Overall
#43  Time Series DBMS
Websitekx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­sitewhere/­sitewhere
Technical documentationcode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docssitewhere1.sitewhere.io/­index.html
DeveloperKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSiteWhere
Initial release2000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010
Current release3.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoCommon Public Attribution License Version 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageqCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yespredefined scheme
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept
More information provided by the system vendor
KdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLSiteWhere
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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More resources
KdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLSiteWhere
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