DBMS > Ingres vs. OpenQM vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. OpenQM vs. PostGIS vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.34
Rank	#284	Overall
	#10	Multivalue DBMS

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm

postgis.net

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

postgis.net/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Actian Corporation

Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1993

2005

2004

Current release

11.2, May 2022

3.4-12

3.4.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

with some exceptions

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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