DBMS > Ingres vs. Milvus vs. RDFox vs. Riak KV vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Milvus vs. RDFox vs. Riak KV vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

Spatial extension of SQLite

Primary database model

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	2.31
Rank	#113	Overall
	#3	Vector DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	4.10
Rank	#82	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	1.60
Rank	#149	Overall
	#3	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

milvus.io

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/index

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

www.gaia-gis.it/gaia-sins/spatialite_topics.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Oxford Semantic Technologies

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

Alessandro Furieri

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2019

2017

2009

2008

Current release

11.2, May 2022

2.3.4, January 2024

6.0, Septermber 2022

3.2.0, December 2022

5.0.0, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

Open Source

MPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C++, Go

C++

Erlang

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X

server-less

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
Java

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Erlang

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

replication via a shared file system

selectable replication factor

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

links between data sets can be stored

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Roles, resources, and access types

yes, using Riak Security

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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