DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	10.68
Rank	#43	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.vertica.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

vertica.com/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

2005

2019

Current release

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

12.0.3, January 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Key customers

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Licensing and pricing models

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