DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQream DB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. SQream DB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

a GPU-based, columnar RDBMS for big data analytics workloads

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#227	Overall
	#104	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

sqream.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.sqream.com

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

SQream Technologies

8Kdata

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

2017

2016

Current release

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2022.1.6, December 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

C++, CUDA, Haskell, Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, ANSI Standard SQL Types

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.Net
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions in Python

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal and vertical partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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