DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Percona Server for MySQL vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Enhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#184	Overall
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	2.03
Rank	#122	Overall
	#57	Relational DBMS

Score	121.33
Rank	#9	Overall
	#6	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-server

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-LATEST

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Percona

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

1984

2008

2014

Current release

11.2, May 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

8.0.36-28, 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

HP Open VMS

Linux

hosted

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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