DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. RDFox vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

A Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasets

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	3.55
Rank	#80	Overall
	#6	Wide column stores

Score	0.22
Rank	#305	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#15	RDF stores

Score	103.35
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/storage/tables

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2012

2017

2000

Current release

12.0, July 2024

6.0, Septermber 2022

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Java

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

replication via a shared file system

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

optimistic locking

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

Roles, resources, and access types

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