DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. Snowflake

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	18.98
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	20.16
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	133.72
Rank	#7	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

postgis.net

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

postgis.net/documentation

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2016

2005

2014

Current release

12.0, July 2024

3.4.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL v2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C#
Java
PHP

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes

based on PostgreSQL

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

based on PostgreSQL

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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