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DBMS > Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSadas Engine  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used in-process key-value storeSADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#158  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.sadasengine.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.sadasengine.com/­en/­sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/­#documentation
DeveloperActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleSADAS s.r.l.
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2001201919942006
Current release11.2, May 202211.0, December 2022cloud service with continuous releases18.1.40, May 20208.0
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial infofree trial version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
AIX
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnono
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoonly for the SQL APIno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesnoyesyes infomanaged by 'Learn by Usage'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

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More resources
IngresMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOracle Berkeley DBSadas Engine
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