DBMS > Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield vs. OpenSearch vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield vs. OpenSearch vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Search engine

RDF store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	16.36
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.leanxcale.com

google.github.io/lovefield

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

opensearch.org/docs/latest

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Actian Corporation

LeanXcale

Google

Amazon Web Services

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2015

2014

2021

2004

Current release

11.2, May 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

2.5.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Scala

JavaScript

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
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Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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