DBMS > Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield vs. OpenMLDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. Lovefield vs. OpenMLDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

An open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	0.02
Rank	#367	Overall
	#37	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.leanxcale.com

google.github.io/lovefield

openmldb.ai

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

openmldb.ai/docs/zh/main

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Actian Corporation

LeanXcale

Google

4 Paradigm Inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2015

2014

2020

2004

Current release

11.2, May 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

2024-2 February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++, Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

JDBC
SQLAlchemy

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Scala

JavaScript

C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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