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DBMS > Ingres vs. KeyDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. KeyDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKeyDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSAn ultra-fast, open source Key-value store fully compatible with Redis API, modules, and protocolsEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#226  Overall
#33  Key-value stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­Snapchat/­KeyDB
keydb.dev
github.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.keydb.devgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperActian CorporationEQ Alpha Technology Ltd.GoogleMicrosoft
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201920112016
Current release11.2, May 20221.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSD-3Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C++C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
LinuxIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infoby using the Redis Search modulenoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnonoyes
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocoADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesLuanoTransact SQL
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong eventual consistency with CRDTs
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDOptimistic locking, atomic execution of commands blocks and scriptsnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access control and ACLnoyes

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More resources
IngresKeyDBLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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