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DBMS > Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Redis vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Redis vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonRedis  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSPopular in-memory data platform used as a cache, message broker, and database that can be deployed on-premises, across clouds, and hybrid environments infoRedis focuses on performance so most of its design decisions prioritize high performance and very low latencies.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value store infoMultiple data types and a rich set of operations, as well as configurable data expiration, eviction and persistenceDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infowith RedisJSON
Graph DBMS infowith RedisGraph
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infowith RediSearch
Time Series DBMS infowith RedisTimeSeries
Vector DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.24
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score1.26
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score149.43
Rank#6  Overall
#1  Key-value stores
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
hughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlredis.com
redis.io
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iodocs.redis.com/­latest/­index.html
redis.io/­docs
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCodenotaryHughes TechnologiesRedis project core team, inspired by Salvatore Sanfilippo infoDevelopment sponsored by Redis Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release2020199420091998
Current release1.2.3, April 20224.4, October 20217.2.5, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infosource-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Redis EnterpriseOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCCC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows infoported and maintained by Microsoft Open Technologies, Inc.
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyespartial infoSupported data types are strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets, bit arrays, hyperloglogs and geospatial indexesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infowith RediSearch moduleyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggerswith RediSQL moduleyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol infoRESP - REdis Serialization ProtocolADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Crystal
D
Dart
Elixir
Erlang
Fancy
Go
Haskell
Haxe
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Prolog
Pure Data
Python
R
Rebol
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Swift
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoLua; Redis Functions coming in Redis 7 (slides and Github)yes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonopublish/subscribe channels provide some trigger functionality; RedisGearsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoAutomatic hash-based sharding with support for hash-tags for manual shardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication infowith Redis Enterprise Pack
Source-replica replication infoChained replication is supported
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonothrough RedisGearsyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Causal consistency can be enabled in Active-Active databases
Strong consistency with Redis Raft
Strong eventual consistency with Active-Active
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoAtomic execution of command blocks and scripts and optimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesnoyes infoData access is serialized by the serveryes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoConfigurable mechanisms for persistency via snapshots and/or operations logsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess Control Lists (ACLs): redis.io/­docs/­management/­security/­acl
LDAP and Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for Redis Enterprise
Mutual TLS authentication: redis.io/­docs/­management/­security/­encryption
Password-based authentication
Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbmSQL infoMini SQLRedisVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
ImmudbmSQL infoMini SQLRedisVirtuoso
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Recent citations in the news

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

immudb (immutable database) ‘tamper-proof’ database
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

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A Brief History of PHP - Programming PHP, 3rd Edition [Book]
22 September 2018, O'Reilly Media

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20 September 2024, The Register

Redis debuts new data integration and AI features for its database
23 August 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Flight to Valkey appears to be response to removal of Redis’ open source license
12 September 2024, Techzine Europe

Valkey Emerges as Leading Open Source Alternative to Redis After Relicensing Row
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