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DBMS > Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Lovefield vs. openGauss vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonopenGauss  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with high-performance, high-availability and high-performance originally developed by HuaweiVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.33
Rank#286  Overall
#131  Relational DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#184  Overall
#84  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
google.github.io/­lovefieldgitee.com/­opengauss
opengauss.org
virtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.opengauss.org/­en
gitee.com/­opengauss/­docs
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCodenotaryGoogleHuawei and openGauss communityOpenLink Software
Initial release2020201420191998
Current release1.2.3, April 20222.1.12, February 20173.0, March 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaScriptC, C++, JavaC
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternANSI SQL 2011yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
JavaScriptC
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonehorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash)yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneSource-replica replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDBnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbLovefieldopenGaussVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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ImmudbLovefieldopenGaussVirtuoso
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