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DBMS > Immudb vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Sadas Engine vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Sadas Engine vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonSadas Engine  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Well established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseSADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environmentsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#158  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.marklogic.comwww.sadasengine.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iodocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.marklogic.comwww.sadasengine.com/­en/­sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/­#documentationdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperCodenotaryActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.SADAS s.r.l.OpenLink Software
Initial release20201974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s200120061998
Current release1.2.3, April 202211.2, May 202211.0, December 20228.07.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infofree trial version availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCC++C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
Linux
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxyesyes infoSQL92yesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardinghorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatoryesnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes, with Range Indexesyes infomanaged by 'Learn by Usage'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbIngresMarkLogicSadas EngineVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
ImmudbIngresMarkLogicSadas EngineVirtuoso
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