DBMS > Immudb vs. Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Ingres vs. LeanXcale vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Well established RDBMS

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#291	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.leanxcale.com

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.actian.com/ingres

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Codenotary

Actian Corporation

LeanXcale

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2020

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2015

2004

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

11.2, May 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

through Apache Derby

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
Java
Scala

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

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