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DBMS > Ingres vs. IRONdb vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. IRONdb vs. Neo4j vs. RDF4J vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/neo4j.comrdf4j.orgtypedb.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedneo4j.com/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationCirconus LLC.Neo4j, Inc.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Vaticle
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2017200720042016
Current release11.2, May 2022V0.10.20, January 20185.19, April 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageCC and C++Java, ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)nonono
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
HTTP APIBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes, in Luayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyesno
Triggersyesnoyes infovia event handleryesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyAutomatic, metric affinity per nodeyes using Neo4j FabricnoneSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatorconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awareCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynoneMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodesCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphsno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)noyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresIRONdbNeo4jRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
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