DB-EnginesExtremeDB for everyone with an RTOSEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Spark SQL vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-based data warehousing serviceWidely used in-process key-value storeSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.30
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperIBMOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleApache Software FoundationOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenLink Software
Initial release20141994201419981998
Current release18.1.40, May 20203.5.0 ( 2.13), September 202311 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)ScalaC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPL/SQL, SQL PLnonoPL/SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyes infoonly for the SQL APInonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQLTimesTenVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBOracle Berkeley DBSpark SQLTimesTenVirtuoso
Recent citations in the news

Introducing the next generation of Db2 Warehouse: Our cost-effective, cloud-native data warehouse built for always-on ...
11 July 2023, ibm.com

Db2 Warehouse delivers 4x faster query performance than previously, while cutting storage costs by 34x
11 July 2023, ibm.com

Top 7 Cloud Data Warehouse Companies
31 May 2023, Datamation

Announcing the availability of Bring-Your-Own-License and Reserved Instance plans for next generation Db2 ...
7 August 2023, ibm.com

Data mining in Db2 Warehouse: the basics
23 June 2020, Towards Data Science

provided by Google News

ACM recognizes far-reaching technical achievements with special awards
26 May 2021, EurekAlert

EC will investigate the Oracle/Sun takeover due to concerns about MySQL
3 September 2009, The Guardian

Database Trends Report: SQL Beats NoSQL, MySQL Most Popular -- ADTmag
5 March 2019, ADT Magazine

Motorola A780 Linux based smartphone to have mobile database
14 September 2004, Geekzone

The stable version of AlmaLinux 9.0 has already been released
26 May 2022, Linux Adictos

provided by Google News

Feature Engineering for Time-Series Using PySpark on Databricks
15 May 2024, Towards Data Science

Use Amazon Athena with Spark SQL for your open-source transactional table formats | Amazon Web Services
24 January 2024, AWS Blog

What is Apache Spark? The big data platform that crushed Hadoop
3 April 2024, InfoWorld

Cracking the Apache Spark Interview: 80+ Top Questions and Answers for 2024
1 April 2024, Simplilearn

18 Top Big Data Tools and Technologies to Know About in 2024
24 January 2024, TechTarget

provided by Google News

Oracle starts peddling Exalytics in-memory appliance
12 March 2012, The Register

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

AllegroGraph logo

Graph Database Leader for AI Knowledge Graph Applications - The Most Secure Graph Database Available.
Free Download

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Present your product here