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DBMS > Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score3.19
Rank#93  Overall
#16  Document stores
#7  Graph DBMS
#14  Key-value stores
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperHypertable Inc.GoogleMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPStardog-Union
Initial release20092011201920102010
Current release0.9.8.11, March 20161.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joinsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsC++ API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, Javascriptuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooksyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor on file system levelnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes inforelationship in graphsyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
HypertableLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDBStardog
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