DBMS > HyperSQL vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. Prometheus vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. Prometheus vs. Trino

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Widely used open source RDBMS

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Open-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Graph DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	1061.34
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	44.89
Rank	#21	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Score	7.69
Rank	#50	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.99
Rank	#65	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

dev.mysql.com/doc

neo4j.com/docs

prometheus.io/docs

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Neo4j, Inc.

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2001

1995

2007

2015

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

8.4.0, April 2024

5.20, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java, Scala

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

yes

by Federation

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

none

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more

Competitive advantages

Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Key customers

Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more

Market metrics

Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.