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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. Stardog vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. Stardog vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA relational database management system that stores data in columnsScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#141  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgwww.monetdb.orgneo4j.comwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationneo4j.com/­docsdocs.stardog.comweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviate
DeveloperMonetDB BVNeo4j, Inc.Stardog-UnionWeaviate B.V.
Initial release20012004200720102019
Current release2.7.2, June 2023Dec2023 (11.49), December 20235.20, May 20247.3.0, May 20201.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaCJava, ScalaJavaGo
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes, maps to GraphQL interface
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerGraphQL is used as query language
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLyes, in SQL, C, Ryes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding via remote tablesyes using Neo4j FabricnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and rolesAPI Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
More information provided by the system vendor
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMonetDBNeo4jStardogWeaviate
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more
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HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMonetDBNeo4jStardogWeaviate
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