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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA relational database management system that stores data in columnsScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#141  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score7.41
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgwww.monetdb.orgneo4j.comrealm.iospark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationneo4j.com/­docsrealm.io/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperMonetDB BVNeo4j, Inc.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019Apache Software Foundation
Initial release20012004200720142014
Current release2.7.2, June 2023Dec2023 (11.49), December 20235.20, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaCJava, ScalaScala
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsnonoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLyes, in SQL, C, Ryes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryno
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryes infoChange Listenersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding via remote tablesyes using Neo4j Fabricnoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoIn-Memory realmno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesno
More information provided by the system vendor
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMonetDBNeo4jRealmSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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