DBMS > HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Vertica vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Column oriented

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

hsqldb.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.vertica.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

vertica.com/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2001

2011

2005

2019

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

12.0.3, January 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

Triggers

yes

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more

Key customers

Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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