DBMS > HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. LeanXcale vs. LevelDB vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

A highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilities

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.90
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	0.35
Rank	#283	Overall
	#41	Key-value stores
	#128	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

hsqldb.org

www.leanxcale.com

github.com/google/leveldb

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.stardog.com

Developer

LeanXcale

Google

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2001

2015

2011

2010

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

through Apache Derby

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
Java
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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