DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Ingres vs. JaguarDB vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Ingres vs. JaguarDB vs. Lovefield vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Well established RDBMS

Performant, highly scalable DBMS for AI and IoT applications

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#381	Overall
	#59	Key-value stores
	#14	Vector DBMS

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

hsqldb.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.jaguardb.com

google.github.io/lovefield

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

www.jaguardb.com/support.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Actian Corporation

DataJaguar, Inc.

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2001

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2015

2014

2004

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

11.2, May 2022

3.3 July 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

the server part. Clients available in other languages

JavaScript

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

but no views, foreign keys, triggers

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Ingres Replicator

Multi-source replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

rights management via user accounts

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