DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Immudb vs. mSQL vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.14
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	1.26
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

hsqldb.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.immudb.io

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Codenotary

Hughes Technologies

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2001

2020

1994

2010

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

4.4, October 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free licenses can be provided

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

HyperSQL DataBase flaw leaves library vulnerable to RCE
24 October 2022, The Daily Swig

Introduction to JDBC with HSQLDB tutorial
14 November 2022, TheServerSide.com

provided by Google News

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

immudb (immutable database) ‘tamper-proof’ database
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
17 December 2021, Help Net Security

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

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A Brief History of PHP - Programming PHP, 3rd Edition [Book]
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