DBMS > dBASE vs. HugeGraph vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. HugeGraph vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Well established RDBMS

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

mSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.34
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	1.27
Rank	#167	Overall
	#77	Relational DBMS

Website

www.dbase.com

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

hughestech.com.au/products/msql

Technical documentation

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

Developer

Asthon Tate

Baidu

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Hughes Technologies

Initial release

1979

2018

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2019

1994

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

0.9

11.2, May 2022

cloud service with continuous releases

4.4, October 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

free licenses can be provided

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

Linux
macOS
Unix

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

no subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers

APIs and other access methods

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

dBase proprietary IDE

Groovy
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Ingres Replicator

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources

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