DBMS > HugeGraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison HugeGraph vs. Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	0.45
Rank	#262	Overall
	#123	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.kingbase.com.cn

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

docs.immudb.io

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Baidu

Codenotary

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2018

2020

1999

2004

Current release

0.9

1.2.3, April 2022

V8.0, August 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and Java

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Unix

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

Standard with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

Groovy
Java
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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