DBMS > Hive vs. OrientDB vs. Tkrzw vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. OrientDB vs. Tkrzw vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Key-value store

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Score	0.07
Rank	#372	Overall
	#57	Key-value stores

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

hive.apache.org

orientdb.org

dbmx.net/tkrzw

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Mikio Hirabayashi

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2010

2020

2019

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

0.9.3, August 2020

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language, no joins

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, Javascript

Triggers

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Why is Hadoop not listed in the DB-Engines Ranking?
13 May 2013, Paul Andlinger

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Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
21 January 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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