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DBMS > Hive vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Spark SQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHive  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
Descriptiondata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopWidely used open source RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score1061.34
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitehive.apache.orgwww.mysql.comwww.postgresql.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedev.mysql.com/­docwww.postgresql.org/­docsspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release201219951989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142016
Current release3.1.3, April 20228.4.0, April 202416.3, May 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++CScalaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
HiveMySQLPostgreSQLSpark SQLToroDB
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