DBMS > etcd vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. OpenSearch

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Hive vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. OpenSearch

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

Primary database model

column oriented

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.03
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	16.03
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

hive.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

doc.nuodb.com

opensearch.org/docs/latest

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Amazon Web Services

Initial release

2012

2019

2013

2021

Current release

3.4, August 2019

3.1.3, April 2022

cloud service with continuous releases

2.5.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

selectable replication factor

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
» more

Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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