DBMS > Hive vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

hive.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rdf4j.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2014

1989

2004

2019

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C++

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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