DBMS > Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. Interbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. HyperSQL vs. Interbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Light-weight proven RDBMS

originally from Borland

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	4.08
Rank	#75	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

hive.apache.org

hsqldb.org

www.embarcadero.com/products/interbase

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.sqlite.org

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.embarcadero.com/products/interbase

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Embarcadero

Microsoft

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

2012

2001

1984

2019

2000

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

2.7.2, June 2023

InterBase 2020, December 2019

cloud service with continuous releases

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Android
iOS
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

server-less

Data scheme

yes

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

export as XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Object Pascal
PHP
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java, SQL

yes

Interbase procedure and trigger language

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

Interbase Change Views

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Multiversion concurreny control

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Azure Active Directory Authentication

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