DBMS > Hive vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PlanetScale vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Hive vs. HugeGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PlanetScale vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

A fast-speed and highly-scalable Graph DBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Scalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of Vitess

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	0.13
Rank	#336	Overall
	#32	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.59
Rank	#151	Overall
	#70	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

hive.apache.org

github.com/hugegraph
hugegraph.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

planetscale.com

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

hugegraph.apache.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

planetscale.com/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

Baidu

Microsoft

PlanetScale

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2018

1989

2020

2004

Current release

3.1.3, April 2022

0.9

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Unix

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

also supports composite index and range index

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop Gremlin

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
PHP
Python

Groovy
Java
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

asynchronous Gremlin script jobs

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

proprietary syntax

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

depending on used storage backend, e.g. Cassandra and HBase

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

via hugegraph-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

edges in graph

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID at shard level

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Users, roles and permissions

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

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