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DBMS > Heroic vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Cloudant  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchDatabase as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDBAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.51
Rank#255  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score2.68
Rank#106  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.ibm.com/­products/­cloudantwww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationspotify.github.io/­heroiccloud.ibm.com/­docs/­Cloudantdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperSpotifyIBM, Apache Software Foundation infoIBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20142010199920191998
Current releaseV8.0, August 2021cloud service with continuous releases7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaErlangC and JavaC
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoStandard with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScriptuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoatomic operations within a document possibleACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
HeroicIBM CloudantKingbaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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HeroicIBM CloudantKingbaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVirtuoso
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