DBMS > etcd vs. H2 vs. RDF4J vs. RocksDB

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. H2 vs. RDF4J vs. RocksDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.h2database.com

rdf4j.org

rocksdb.org

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

rdf4j.org/documentation

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Facebook, Inc.

Initial release

2005

2004

2013

Current release

3.4, August 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

9.2.1, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

BSD

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

C++ API
Java API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Java

Java
PHP
Python

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

yes

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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