DBMS > etcd vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. H2 vs. OrientDB vs. SpaceTime

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Spatial DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.64
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	3.27
Rank	#97	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#15	Key-value stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#396	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

www.h2database.com

orientdb.org

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Mireo

Initial release

2005

2010

2020

Current release

3.4, August 2019

2.2.220, July 2023

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

JDBC
ODBC

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Java

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
21 January 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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