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DBMS > H2 vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. RavenDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. MySQL vs. Neo4j vs. RavenDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Widely used open source RDBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score1083.74
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.mysql.comneo4j.comravendb.net
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldev.mysql.com/­docneo4j.com/­docsravendb.net/­docs
DeveloperThomas MuellerOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunNeo4j, Inc.Hibernating Rhinos
Initial release2005199520072010
Current release2.2.220, July 20238.4.0, April 20245.19, April 20245.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java, ScalaC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsnoSQL-like query language (RQL)
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesJavaAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infoproprietary syntaxyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes
Triggersyesyesyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabricyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Causal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction available
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Authorization levels configured per client per database
More information provided by the system vendor
H2MySQLNeo4jRavenDB
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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