DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RDF4J vs. STSdb vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	20.56
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.04
Rank	#360	Overall
	#52	Key-value stores

Website

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

rdf4j.org

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

STS Soft SC

8Kdata

Initial release

2005

2016

2004

2011

2016

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

.NET Client API

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
Java
PHP

Java
PHP
Python

C#
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users and roles

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