DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Netezza vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Netezza vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Data warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystems

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.33
Rank	#46	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	19.93
Rank	#31	Overall
	#19	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	8.59
Rank	#45	Overall
	#29	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/synapse-analytics

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.ibm.com/products/netezza

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/azure/synapse-analytics

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

IBM

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2005

2016

1989

2000

2022

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux

included in appliance

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
Java
PHP

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/synapse-analytics/sql-data-warehouse/sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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