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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Access vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Access vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftApache Software FoundationStardog-Union
Initial release2005199220142010
Current release2.2.220, July 20231902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20193.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++ScalaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Corenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenonenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003noAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
H2Microsoft AccessSpark SQLStardog
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