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DBMS > H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Milvus vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Milvus vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedVector DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorermilvus.iogithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.marklogic.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorermilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mddocs.nebula-graph.io
DeveloperThomas MuellerMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftVesoft Inc.
Initial release20052001201920192019
Current release2.2.220, July 202311.0, December 2022cloud service with continuous releases2.3.4, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageJavaC++C++, GoC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)Strong typed schema
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesVector, Numeric and Stringyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL92Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languagesJavaC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Causal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infousing RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes, with Range Indexesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole based access control and fine grained access rightsRole-based access control
More information provided by the system vendor
H2MarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMilvusNebulaGraph
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
H2MarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMilvusNebulaGraph
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