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DBMS > H2 vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB vs. TerarkDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. LevelDB vs. NuoDB vs. TerarkDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDBVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.32
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score2.39
Rank#110  Overall
#18  Key-value stores
Score0.85
Rank#206  Overall
#98  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#388  Overall
#62  Key-value stores
Score3.91
Rank#72  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.h2database.comgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddoc.nuodb.combytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKcdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperThomas MuellerGoogleDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.ByteDance, originally TerarkOpenLink Software
Initial release20052011201320161998
Current release2.2.220, July 20231.23, February 20217.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infoBSDcommercial infolimited edition freecommercial inforestricted open source version availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Java API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoJava, SQLnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtennoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBnoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infotunable commit protocolnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoTemporary tableyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
H2LevelDBNuoDBTerarkDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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H2LevelDBNuoDBTerarkDBVirtuoso
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