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DBMS > etcd vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. H2 vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#349  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.h2database.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.warp10.io
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperThomas MuellerSymasMicrosoftSenX
Initial release2005201120162015
Current release3.4, August 20192.2.220, July 20230.9.32, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJavaCC++Java
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
All OS with a Java VMLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
Java.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsnoTransact SQLyes infoWarpScript
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenoneyesselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
etcdH2LMDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseWarp 10
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