DBMS > H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Prometheus vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Immudb vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Prometheus vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Open-source Time Series DBMS and monitoring system

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	1.08
Rank	#184	Overall
	#85	Relational DBMS

Score	8.42
Rank	#47	Overall
	#2	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.h2database.com

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

prometheus.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

prometheus.io/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Codenotary

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2005

2020

1984

2015

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

HP Open VMS

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like syntax

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

by Federation

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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